Nama : Yoseph Ismail
NIM : 23511048
CIO – STEI ITB 2011
Tugas Matakuliah Keamanan Informasi Lanjut(II5166)
Dosen : Dr. Ir. Budi Rahardjo
Subjek Tugas : Mencari jenis-jenis dan contoh Standard Referencing
A. Pe-Referensi-an
Pe-Referensi-an adalah melakukan atau mencantumkan ide-ide orang yang sudah digunakan dalam bentuk tulisan kita, dengan memberikan informasi sumber ide awal, sehingga tidak terjadi kegiatan plagiat. “Referencing is a consistent method of acknowledging another person’s ideas, which you have used, in your own essay assignment”[1].
Tujuan dari penyebutan referensi adalah [1]:
1. Untuk mematuhi Kebijakan Universitas mengenai bagaimana menghindari tindakan Plagiat;
Plagiat sering diartikan sebagai penggunaan tulisan atau ide orang lain yang sudah dipublikasikan ataupun tidak dan di akui sebagai pekerjaan kita, dalam handbook Murdoch University disebutkan bahwa pengertian kegiatan plagiat yaitu “Plagiarism constitutes using the work of another without indicating by referencing (and by quotations marks when exact phrases or passages are borrowed) that the ideas expressed are not one’s own [1]”
Bentuk-bentuk kegiatan plagiat yang umum sering muncul menurut Murdoch University:
- Melakukan Copy dan Paste (menyalin kumpulan tulisan dari artikel jurna online atau website tanpa memberikan tanda kutipan yang layak);
- Mendownload atau membeli makalah penelitian (mendownload gratis atau membeli makalah penelitian dan menggunakan dan menyatakan sebagai pekerjaan kita sendiri);
- Mengcopy dan mempublikasikan pekerjaan orang lain dan mengakuinya sebagai pekerjaan kita sendiri;
- Mempublikasikan makalah yang pernah dipublikasikan sebelumnya.
2. Untuk memperkenalkan pekerjaan dari penulis lain;
“Writing a reference-list also allow the reader, or person marking the paper, to check the original sources if they require more detail[2]”.
3. Untuk memudahkan peneliti-pennelilti lain untuk melacak sumber penulisan kita;
4. Untuk menunjukkan kedalaman penelitian kita.
B. Bentuk-bentuk kegiatan Plagiat
Ada beberapa bentuk plagiat yang sering banyak dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dan menjadi perhatian penting banyak universitas, seperti yang disampaikan juga dan menjadi perhatian bagi Murdoch Unversity, beberapa bentuk diantaranya:
- Plagiarism - "Plagiarism is passing off someone else's work, whether intentionally or unintentionally, as your own for your own benefit" (Carroll, 2002, p. 9).
- Collusion – In this form of plagiarism, students submit work that is so alike in content that similarity goes beyond coincidence.
- Ghost writing – In this form of plagiarism, an assignment has been written by a third party for a fee and represented by a student as his or her own work.
- Purloining – In this form of plagiarism, a student takes without the consent or knowledge the work of another student and submitted it as his or her own.
C. Macam-macam Standard Referensi
Standard Referensi banyak dipelajari dan dikembangkan oleh beberapa lembaga pemberi standardisasi internasional ataupun lembaga-lembaga pendidikan seperti universitas, sehingga muncul berbagai macam bentuk standardisasi pereferensian, menurut Murdoch University ada beberapa standard referensi yang digunakan di lingkungannya antara lain:
a. Author – date referencing styles
Style | Update | Subject |
| APA | February 2010 | Psychology, Nursing |
| Chicago | December 2010 | Foundation Units, Multidisciplinary |
| MLA | July 2010 | English |
| Harvard | No longer produce a guide referencing | |
b. National referencing styles
Style | Update | Subject |
| ACS | September 2010 | Chemistry |
| IEEE | September 2010 | Engineering, Electronics, IT, Computer Science |
| Footnote | January 2011 | Social Science, Humanities |
| Legal | September 2010 | Law |
| Vancouver | September 2010 | Biomedicine, Health Sciences |
D. Contoh-contoh penggunaan Standard Referensi
1. APA Style
Ada dua bagian pemberian referensi yaitu kutipan dalam kalimat makalah dan daftar referensi pada akhir makalah.
“APA style APA is an "author-date" system, so the citation in the text consists of the author(s) and year of publication given wholly or partly in round brackets”[1].
Gambar 1. Bentuk referensi kutipan APA Style pada kalimat makalah [1]
Pada penggunaan APA Style di kutipan kalimat makalah, bila ingin menunjukkan informasi paragraph manayang dikutip, maka menggunakan singkatan “par.” Disbanding dengan menggunakan “pp.”.
Bentuk referensi yang terdapat dalam daftar referensi bertype APA dapat dilihat pada gambar 2 di bawah.
Gambar 2. Bentuk referensi APA Style dalam daftar referensi di akhir makalah [1]
Daftar referensi disusun berdasarkan urutan Author secara alphabet.
Contoh Penggunaan APA Style dalam pemberian referensi dalam makalah penelitian berdasarkan Murdoch University [1]:
Tabel 1 Tabel contoh penggunaan standar referensi APA Style pada berbagai tipe material data.
| Audio Video (A-V) Materials | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| DVD | (Moore, 2003) | Moore, M. (Writer/Director). (2003). Bowling for Columbine. [DVD]. Melbourne, VIC: AV Channel. |
| Radio Programme | (Browning, 2006) | Browning, D. (Presenter). (2006, June 9). Black soccer heroes. Message Stick [Radio programme]. Guest speaker Dr. John Maynard. Sydney, NSW: ABC Radio. |
| Sound Recording | (St.Laurence Chamber Choir & McEwan, 2005) | St. Laurance Chamber Choir (Performers), & McEwan, N. (Director). (2005). Commemoration, ritual and performance: the Iberian connection : medieval and renaissance music from the St Laurence Chamber Choir [CD]. Sydney, NSW: Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney. |
| Television Programme | (Masters, 2006) | Masters, Chris. (Presenter). (2006, March 27). Big fish, little fish. Four Corners [Television programme]. Sydney, NSW: ABC Television. |
| Video Recording | (Russell & Wiseman, 1995) | Russell, G. (Writer, Producer and Narrator), & Wiseman, P. (Producer). (1995). Tackling bullies: An Australian perspective [Video recording]. Melbourne, VIC: Video Classroom. |
| Book Chapters | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Chapter or Article in Edited Book | (Payne, 1999) | Payne, S. (1999). 'Dangerous and different': Reconstructions of madness in the 1990s and the role of mental health policy. In S. Watson & L. Doyal (Eds.), Engendering social policy (pp. 180-195). Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press. |
| Article in an Encyclopedia | (Ford-Martin, 2003) | Ford-Martin, P. (2003). Cognitive-behavioral therapy. In E. Thackery & M. Harris (Eds.), Gale encyclopedia of mental disorders (Vol. 1, pp. 226-228). Detroit, MI: Gale. |
| Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Book: Single Author | (Mathews, 1999) | Matthews, J. (1999). The art of childhood and adolescence: The construction of meaning. London, England: Falmer Press. |
| Book: Two Authors | (Colcough & Colcough, 1999) | Colclough, B., & Colclough, J. (1999). A challenge to change. London, England: Thorsons. |
| Book: 3-5 Authors | First citation: (Rosenthal, Rosnow & Rubin, 2000) Subsequent citation: (Rosenthal et al., 2000) | Rosenthal, R., Rosnow, R. L., & Rubin, D. B. (2000). Contrasts and effect sizes in behavioral research: A correlational approach. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. |
| Book: 6-7 Authors | (Jones et al., 1984) | Jones, E., Farina, A., Hastorf, A., Markus, H., Miller, D., & Scott, R. (1984). Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships. New York: W. H. Freeman. |
| Book: Different Worksby Same Author in SameYear | (Kubler-Ross, 1993a) (Kubler-Ross, 1993b) | Kubler-Ross, E. (1993a). AIDS: The ultimate challenge. New York, NY: Collier Books.Kubler-Ross, E. (1993b). Questions and answers on death and dying. New York, NY: Collier Books. |
| Book: Organisation as Author | (American Educational Research Association, 1985) | American Educational Research Association. (1985). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. |
| Book: Government Agency as Author | (Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care, 1998) | Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care. (1999). Mental health: A report focusing on depression, 1998. Canberra, ACT: AGPS. |
| Book: No Author | (The Blackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology, 1991) | The Blackwell dictionary of cognitive psychology. (1991). Oxford, England: Blackwell. |
| Book: Editor | (Snyder, 1999) | Snyder, C. R. (Ed.). (1999). Coping: The psychology of what works. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. |
| Book: 2 or More Editors | (Binstock & George, 1990) | Binstock, R. H., & George, L. K. (Eds.). (1990). Handbook of aging and the social sciences (3rd ed.). New York: Academic Press. |
| Book: Diferent Editions | (Howitt & Cramer, 2008) | Howitt, D., & Cramer, D. (2008). Introduction to research methods in psychology (2nd ed.). Harlow, England: FT Prentice Hall. |
| Book: Including Page Numbers | (Wells, 2009, pp.225-226) | Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety and depression in psychology. New York, NY: Guilford Press. |
| Conference Papers | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Conference Paper in Print | (Wilkinson, 1999) | Wilkinson, R. (1999). Sociology as a marketing feast. In M. Collis, L. Munro, & S. Russell (Eds.), Sociology for the New Millennium. Papers presented at The Australian Sociological Association, held at Monash University, Melbourne, 7-10 December (pp. 281-289). Churchill, Victoria: Celts. |
| Conference Paper from the Internet | (Balakrishnan, 2006) | Balakrishnan, R. (2006, 25-26 March). Why aren't we using 3d user interfaces, and will we ever? Paper presented at the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces. doi: 10.1109/VR.2006.148 |
| Unpublished Conference Paper | (Brown & Caste, 1990) | Brown, S., & Caste, V. (2004, May). Integrated obstacle detection framework. Paper presented at the IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Detroit, MI. |
| Conference Proceedings | (Bickman & Ellis, 1990) | Bickman, L., & Ellis, H. (Eds.). (1990). Preparing psychologists for the 21st century: Proceedings of the National Conference on Graduate Education in Psychology, University of Utah, 1988. Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum. |
| E-Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| E-book | (Eckes, 2000) | Eckes, T. (2000). The developmental social psychology of gender. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Retrieved from netLibrary: http://www.netlibrary.com |
| Chapter from an E-book | (Jones & Gagnon, 2007) | Jones, N. A., & Gagnon, C. M. (2007). The neurophysiology of empathy. In T. F. D. Farrow & P. W. R. Woodruff (Eds.), Empathy in mental illness. Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from EBL: http://reader.eblib.com.au |
| Article from an Electronic Encyclopaedia | (Lai, 1999) | Lai, M. C. C. (1999). Hepatitis delta virus. In A. Granoff & R. Webster (Eds.), Encyclopedia of virology (2nd ed.). San Diego, CA: Academic. doi: 10.1016/B978-012374410-4.00417-9 |
| E-Journals | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article from a Full Text Database with a DOI | First citation: (Vogels, Crone, Hoekstra, & Reijneveld, 2009) Subsequent citation: (Vogels et al., 2009) | Vogels, A. G. C., Crone, M. R., Hoekstra, F., & Reijneveld, S.A. (2009). Comparing three short questionnaires to detect psychosocial dysfunction among primary school children: a randomized method. BMC Public Health 9, 489. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-489 |
| Journal Article from a Full Text Database with a DOI: 8 or More Authors | (Gilbert et al., 2004) | Gilbert, D. G., Mc Clernon, J. F., Rabinovich, N. E., Sugai, C., Plath, L.C., Asgaard, G., ... Botros, N. (2004). Effects of quitting smoking on EEG activation and attention last for more than 31 days and are more severe with stress, dependence, DRD2 A1 allele, and depressive traits. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 6, 249-267. doi:10.1080/1462220041001676305 |
| Journal Article from a Full Text Database with no DOI | (Altobelli, 2009) | Altobelli, T. (2009). Family violence and parenting: Future directions in practice. Australian Journal of Family Law, 23, 194. Retrieved January 22, 2010, from LexisNexis AU. |
| Journal Article from the Internet with a DOI | First citation: (Bond, Carlin, Thomas, Runin, & Patton, 2001) Subsequent citation: (Bond et al., 2001) | Bond, L., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Rubin, K., & Patton, G. (2001). Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. BMJ, 323, 480-484. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7311.480 |
| Journal Article from the Internet with no DOI | (Sillick & Schutte, 2006) | Sillick, T. J., & Schutte, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(2), 38–48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/article/view/71/100 |
| Journal Article from the Internet with no DOI Including Paragraph Number | (Munro, 1999, para. 12) | Munro, C. (1999). Facing grief. Synergy, 3(3). Retrieved from: http://about.murdoch.edu.au/synergy/0303/grief.html |
| Internet Documents | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Electronic Document | (Murray, 2005) | Murray, G. (2005). A duty of care to children and young people in Western Australia: Report on the quality assurance and review of unsubstantiated allegations of abuse in care: 1 April 2004 to 12 September 2005. Retrieved from Western Australia, Department of Child Protection website: http://www.community.wa.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/851183A4-A822-4592-AB66-C410E453AEEC/0/DCDRPTGwennMurrayreportwithcover2006.pdf |
| Government Publication | (Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care., 2000) | Australia. Department of Health and Aged Care. (2000). National youth suicide prevention strategy. Retrieved from http://www.health.gov.au/hsdd/mentalhe/sp/nysps/about.htm |
| Whole Internet Site | (Goldberg, 2000) | Goldberg, I. (2000). Dr. Ivan's depression central. Retrieved from http://www.psycom.net/depression.central.html |
| Journal Articles | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article in Print | (Kyratsis, 2004) | Kyratsis, A. (2004).Talk and interaction among children and the co-construction of peer groups and peer culture. Annual Review of Anthropology, 33(4), 231-247. |
| Journal Article in Print Including Page Number | (Parker & Roy, 2001, p. 574) | Parker, G., & Roy, K. (2001). Adolescent depression: A review. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 35, 572-580. |
| Journal Article in Print with 3-5 Authors | First citation: (Zhang, Cohen, Ferrence, & Rehm, 2006) Subsequent citation: (Zhang et al., 2006) | Zhang, B., Cohen, J., Ferrence, R., & Rehm, J. (2006). The impact of tobacco tax cuts on smoking initiation among Canadian young adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(6),474-479. |
| Newspaper Articles | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Newspaper Article in Print | (Kissane, 1998) | Kissane, K. (1998, September 5). Kiss or kill: Who is the victim when a battered woman kills? The Age: Extra, p. 6. |
| Newspaper Article from the Internet | (Devlin, 2010) | Devlin, H. (2010, January 28). Neuron breakthrough offers hope on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The Times. Retrieved from http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/medicine/article7005401.ece |
| Newspaper Article from a Full Text Database | (O’Leary, 2006) | O'Leary, C. (2006, June 29). Landmark study to aid push for public smoking ban. The West Australian, p.14. Retrieved October 20, 2008, from Factiva. |
| Podcast | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Podcast | (Murdoch University Library, 2007) | Murdoch University Library. (2007). Podcasts @ Your Library: Entire Library Tour [Podcast]. Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University. Retrieved from http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/about/podcasts/ |
| Podcast Radio Programme | (Gary, 2007) | Gary, S. (Presenter). (2007, December 23). Black hole death ray. StarStuff [Podcast radio programme]. Sydney, NSW: ABC News Radio. Retrieved from http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml |
| Podcast Television Programme | (Brown, Brodie & George, 2007) | Brown, W. (Presenter)., Brodie, K. (Presenter)., & George, P. (Producer). (2007, June 4). From Lake Baikal to the halfway mark, Yekaterinburg. Peking to Paris: Episode 3 [Podcast television programme]. Sydney, NSW: ABC Television. Retrieved from http://www.abc.net.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast/pekingtoparis.xml |
| Readers/Study Guides | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Study Guide and Reader | (Gilbert, 2001) | Gilbert, E. (2001, December 15). It’s a guy thing. Good Weekend. Reprinted in Bodies, sex and power (WOM104) study guide and unit reader 2004 (pp. 59-64). Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University. |
| Reader | (Vickery & Bishop, 2005) | Vicary, D., & Bishop, B. (2005). Western psychotherapeutic practice: Engaging Aboriginal people in culturally appropriate and respectful ways. Australian Psychologist, 40, 19. Reprinted in Introduction to psychology and culture (PSY246): Unit reader 2009. Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University. |
| Secondary Sources | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Secondary Source | Seidenberg and McClelland (as cited in Reid, 2007) | Reid, A. S. (2007). Study of multiple paranormal phenomena. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 45, 13-26. |
| Theses | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Unpublished Thesis | (Milnes, 1998) | Milnes, G. M. (1998). Adolescent depression: The use of generative instruction to increase rational beliefs and decrease irrational beliefs and depressed mood. Unpublished M.Appl.Psy. thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia. |
| Published Thesis | (May, 2007) | May, B. (2007) A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Bristol, England: Canopus Publishing. |
| Thesis from a Full Text Database | (Bari, 2006) | Bari, M. (2006). A distributed conceptual model for stream salinity generation processes : A systematic data-based approach. Retrieved from Australasian Digital Theses Program. (WU2006.0058). |
2. Chicago Style
Bentuk yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan pemberian referensi kutipan di dalam text makalah bisa dilihat di gambar 3.
Gambar 3. Bentuk referensi kutipan Chicago Style pada kalimat makalah [1]
Bentuk referensi yang terdapat dalam daftar referensi Chicago Style dapat dilihat pada gambar 4 di bawah.
Gambar 4. Bentuk referensi Chicago Style dalam daftar referensi di akhir makalah [1]
Contoh Penggunaan Chicago Style dalam pemberian referensi dalam makalah penelitian berdasarkan Murdoch University [1]:
Tabel 2 Tabel contoh penggunaan standar referensi Chicago Style pada berbagai tipe material data.
| Audio Video (A-V) Materials | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| DVD | (Moore 2003) | Moore, Michael. 2003. Bowling for Columbine. DVD. Written and directed by Michael Moore. Melbourne: AV Channel. |
| Radio Programme | (Browning 2006) | Browning, Daniel. 2006. Black Soccer Heroes. Message Stick. radio program. Guest speaker Dr. John Maynard. Sydney: ABC Radio, June 9. |
| Sound Recording | (St. Laurence Chamber Choir 2005) | St. Laurance Chamber Choir. 2005. Commemoration, Ritual and Performance: The Iberian Connection: Medieval and Renaissance Music from the St Laurence Chamber Choir. CD. Directed by N. McEwan. Sydney, NSW: Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney. |
| Television Programme | (Masters 2006) | Masters, Chris. 2006. Big Fish, Little Fish. Four Corners. television program. Sydney: ABC Television, March 27. |
| Video Recording | (Attenborough 1990) | Attenborough, David. 1990. Life on Earth: A Natural History. videorecording. Produced by Richard Brock and John Sparks. US: Warner Home Video. |
| Book Chapters | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Chapter or Article in Edited Book | (Rapping 2004) | Rapping, Elayne. 2004. "Aliens, Nomads, Mad Dogs, and Road Warriors: The Changing Face of Criminal Violence on TV." In Reality TV: Remaking Television Culture, edited by Susan Murray and Laurie Ouellette, 214-230. New York: New York University Press. |
| Article in an Encyclopedia | Incorporate into text | These items are not listed in the reference list. |
| Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Book: Single Author | (Nicholas 2010) | Nicholas, F. W. 2010. Introduction to Veterinary Genetics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. |
| Book: Two Authors | (Rosenfeld and Dial 2010) | Rosenfeld, Andrew J., and Sharon M. Dial. 2010. Clinical Pathology for the Veterinary Team. Aimes, IA: Wiley-Blackwell. |
| Book: 4 or More Authors | (Millon et al. 2000) | Millon, Theodore, Roger Davis, Carrie Millon, Luis Escovar, and Sarah Meagher. 2000. Personality Disorders in Modern Life. New York: Wiley |
| Book: Different Worksby Same Author in SameYear | (Gilbert 1972a)(Gilbert 1972b) | Gilbert, Sandra M. 1972a. Acts of Attention: The Poems of D. H. Lawrence. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Gilbert, Sandra M. 1972b. Emily's Bread: Poems. New York: Norton. |
| Book: Organisation as Author | (Ansett Transport Industries Ltd 1984) | Ansett Transport Industries Ltd. 1984. Annual Report 1983-84. Melbourne: ATI. |
| Book: Government Agency as Author | (Australia. Department of AboriginalAffairs 1989) | Australia. Department of Aboriginal Affairs. 1989. Programs in Action for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Achievements. Canberra: AGPS. |
| Book: Editor | (Woodward 2009) | Woodward, K. N., ed. 2009. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance: Adverse Reactions to Veterinary Medicinal Products. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell. |
| Book: 2 or More Editors | (Butler and Walbert 1986) | Butler, J. Douglas, and David F. Walbert, eds. 1986. Abortion, Medicine and the Law. New York: Facts on File Publications. |
| Book: Diferent Editions | (Ettinger and Feldman 2010) | Ettinger, Stephen J., and Edward C. Feldman, eds. 2010. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine:Diseases of the Dog and the Cat. 7th ed. St Louis: Elsevier Saunders. |
| Book: Including Page Numbers | (Viner 2010, 151-152) | Viner, Bradley. 2010. Success in Veterinary Practice: Maximising Clinical Outcomes and Personal Well-being. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. |
| Conference Papers | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Conference Paper in Print | (Singh and Best 2004) | Singh, Kamal, and Gary Best. 2004. "Film Induced Tourism: Motivations of Visitors to the Hobbiton Movie Set as Featured in 'The Lord of the Rings'." In Proceedings of the 1st International Tourism and Media Conference, Melbourne, 2004, 98-111. Melbourne: Tourism Research Unit, Monash University. |
| Conference Paper from the Internet | (Beckermann 2010) | Beckermann, M. 2010. "Regeneration Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Signals, Signposts and Scaffolds." Paper presented at the Biomedical Sciences and Engineering Conference (BSEC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, May 25-26, 2010. doi: 10.1109/BSEC.2010.5510841. |
| Conference Proceedings | (Hall, Meacham, and Shapiro 1989) | Hall, Kira, Michael Meacham and Richard Shapiro, ed. 1989. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Theoretical Issues in Language Reconstruction, February 18-20, 1989. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Linguistics Society. |
| E-Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| E-book | (Bass, Clements, and Kazman 2003) | Bass, Len, Paul Clements, and Rick Kazman. 2003. Software Architecture in Practice. 2nd ed. Reading MA: Addison Wesley. Safari e-book. |
| Chapter from an E-book | (Haight and Gobster 2009) | Haight, Robert G., and Paul H. Gobster. 2009. "Social and Economic Considerations for Planning Wildlife Conservation in Large Landscapes." In Models for Planning Wildlife Conservation in Larger Landscapes, edited by Joseph J. Millspaugh and Frank R. Thompson III, 123-152Amsterdam: Elsevier. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-373631-4.00005-8. |
| Article from an Electronic Encyclopaedia | Incorporate into text | These items are not listed in the reference list. |
| E-Journals | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article from a Full Text Database with a DOI | (Döring et al. 2009) | Döring, Dorothea., Anita Roscher, Fabian Scheipl, Helmut Küchenhoff, and Michael H. Erhard. 2009. "Fear-related Behaviour of Dogs in Veterinary Practice." The Veterinary Journal 182: 38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.05.006. |
| Journal Article from a Full Text Database with no DOI | (Oskouizadeh, Zahraei-Salehi, and Aledavood 2010) | Oskouizadeh, K., T. Zahraei-Salehi, and S. J. Aledavood. 2010. "Detection of Bartonella henselae in Domestic Cats' Saliva." Iranian Journal of Microbiology 2 (2): 80-84. CAB Abstracts Full Text Select. |
| Journal Article from the Internet with a DOI | (Meng et al. 2002) | Meng, X. J., B. Wiseman, F. Elvinger, D. K. Guenette, T. E. Toth, R. E. Engle, S. U. Emerson, and R. H. Purcell. 2002. "Prevalence of Antibodies to Hepatitis E Virus in Veterinarians Working with Swine and in Normal Blood Donors in the United States and Other Countries." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 40 (1): 117-122. doi: 10.1128/JCM.40.1.117-122.2002. |
| Journal Article from the Internet with no DOI | (Bisias et al. 2010) | Bisias, G., A. Burriel, S. Boutsini, S. Kritas, and L. Leontides. 2010. "A Serological Investigation Of Some Abortion Causes Among Small Ruminant Flocks In Greece." The Internet Journal of Veterinary Medicine 8 (2): 27+. http://www.ispub.com/journal/the_internet_journal_of_veterinary_medicine/volume_8_number_2_27/article/a-serological-investigation-of-some-abortioncauses-among-small-ruminant-flocks-in-greece.html. |
| Internet Documents | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Electronic Document | (Shiell 2006) | Shiell, Kevin. 2006. Animal Welfare Inventory Report to AAWS - Livestock Production Working Group.http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/152105/aaws_stocktake_livestock_prod.pdf. |
| Government Publication | (Australia. Department of Agriculture,Fisheries and Forestry 2003) | Australia. Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. 2003. Quarantine Requirements for the Importation of Live Laboratory Rats and Mice and Their Reproductive Material.http://www.daff.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0016/13822/2003-06a.pdf. |
| Whole Internet Site | (World Wildlife Fund 2010) | World Wildlife Fund. 2010. WWF Worldwide. http://www.worldwildlife.org/home-full.html. |
| Journal Articles | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article in Print | (Zhang et al. 2006) | Zhang, B., J. Cohen, R. Ferrence and J. Rehm. 2006. "The Impact of Tobacco Tax Cuts on Smoking Initiation Among Canadian Young Adults." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 30: 474-479. |
| Journal Article in Print Including Page Number | (Hanna 2007, 2047) | Hanna, K. 2007. "Adsorption of Aromatic Carboxylate Compounds on the Surface of Synthesized Iron Oxide-coated Sands." Applied Geochemistry 22: 2045-2053. |
| Journal Article in Print with 3-5 Authors | (Who Will Regulate the VeterinaryProfession of the Future 2004) | "Who Will Regulate the Veterinary Profession of the Future?" 2004. Veterinary Record 154: 450-451. |
| Newspaper Articles | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Newspaper Article in Print | (Hatch 2006) | Hatch, B. 2006. "Smoke Lingers for Those who Keep Hospitality Flowing." Australian Financial Review, July 13: 14. |
| Newspaper Article from the Internet | (Devlin 2010) | Devlin, H. 2010. "Neuron Breakthrough Offers Hope on Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The Times, January 28. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/science/medicine/article7005401.ece. |
| Newspaper Article from a Full Text Database | (O’Leary 2006) | O'Leary, C. 2006. "Landmark Study to Aid Push for Public Smoking Ban." The West Australian, June 29: 14. Factiva. |
| Podcast | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Podcast | (Murdoch University Library 2007) | Murdoch University Library. 2007. Podcasts @ Your Library: Entire Library Tour. podcast. Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/about/podcasts/. |
| Podcast Radio Programme | (Gary 2007) | Gary, Stuart. 2007. Black Hole Death Ray. StarStuff. podcast radio programme. Sydney: ABC News Radio, December 23. http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml. |
| Podcast Television Programme | (Brown, Brodie, and George, 2007) | Brown, Warren, Keith Brodie, and Peter George. 2007. From Lake Baikal to the Halfway Mark,Yekaterinburg. Peking to Paris: Episode 3. podcast television programme. Sydney: ABC Television, June 4. http://www.abc.net.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast/pekingtoparis.xml. |
| Readers/Study Guides | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Reader | (Mendes 1998) | Mendes, Philip. 1988. "Key Principles of Community Work." Community Quarterly 47. Reprinted in Approaches to Community Development (COD125) Unit Reader 2004, 99-103. Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University. |
| Secondary Sources | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Secondary Source: Cited | Seidenberg and McClelland’s 1989 study,published in the volume 96 of thePsychological Review, (cited in Reid2007) found that the paranormal...) | Reid, A. S. 2007. Study of multiple paranormal phenomena. Journal of Abnormal Psychology45: 13-26. |
| Secondary Source:Quoted | In Louis Zukofskyin's "Sincerity andObjectification," from the February 1931issue of Poetry magazine (quoted inCostello 1981)......) | Costello, Bonnie. 1981. Marianne Moore: Imaginary Possessions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. |
| Theses | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Unpublished Thesis | (Naresh 2010) | Naresh, Ram. 2010. "In vitro Studies of Brachyspira pilosicoli Pathogenesis." PhD diss., Murdoch University. |
| Published Thesis | (Yen 2009) | Yen, Hung-Hsun. 2009. Modulation of Immune Responses to DNA Vaccines in Sheep: May a Particular Type of Immune Memory Induced during Vaccination Still be Maintained During Infection? Saarbrücken, Germany: LAP Lambert Academic. |
| Thesis from a Full Text Database | (Stewart 2005) | Stewart, Meredith. 2005. "An Investigation into Aspects of the Replication of Jembrana Disease Virus." Australasian Digital Theses Program (WMU2005.1222), http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051222.104106. |
3. MLA Style
Bentuk yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan pemberian referensi kutipan di dalam text makalah bisa dilihat di gambar 5.
Gambar 5. Bentuk referensi kutipan MLA Style pada kalimat makalah [1]
Bentuk referensi yang terdapat dalam daftar referensi MLA Style dapat dilihat pada gambar 6 di bawah.
Gambar 6. Bentuk referensi MLA Style dalam daftar referensi di akhir makalah [1]
Contoh Penggunaan MLA Style dalam pemberian referensi dalam makalah penelitian berdasarkan Murdoch University [1]:
Tabel 3 Tabel contoh penggunaan standar referensi MLA Style pada berbagai tipe material data.
| Audio Video (A-V) Materials | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| DVD | (Bowling for Columbine) | Bowling for Columbine. Writ. and Dir. Michael Moore. AV Channel, 2003. DVD. |
| Radio Programme | (Black Soccer Heroes) | "Black Soccer Heroes." Pres. Daniel Browning. Message Stick. Guest Speak. Dr. John Maynard. ABC Radio. 9 June 2006. Radio. |
| Sound Recording | (St. Laurence Chamber Choir) | St. Laurance Chamber Choir, Perf. Commemoration, Ritual and Performance: The Iberian Connection: Medieval and Renaissance Music from the St Laurence Chamber Choir. Dir. N. McEwan. Centre for Medieval Studies, University of Sydney, 2005. CD. |
| Television Programme | (Big Fish) | "Big Fish, Little Fish." Pres. Chris Masters. Four Corners. ABC Television. 27 March 2006. Television. |
| Video Recording | (Tackling Bullies) | Tackling Bullies: An Australian Perspective. Writ., Prod. and Narr. Geoff Russell, Prod. Peter Wiseman. Video Classroom, 1995. Videocasette. |
| Book Chapters | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Chapter or Article in Edited Book | (Sweeney 58) | Sweeney, John. "The New Internationalism." Global Backlash: Citizen Initiatives in a Just World Economy. Ed. Robin Broad. London: MacMillan Press, 2002. 55-62. |
| Article in an Encyclopedia | (Fowler) | Fowler, Alastair. "Genre." International Encyclopedia of Communications. Ed. Erik Barnouw, et al. 4 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, c1989. |
| Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Book: Single Author | (Boyle) | Boyle, Jimmy. The Pain of Confinement: Prison Diaries. Edinburgh: Canongate, 1984. |
| Book: Two Authors | (Dollimore and Hall) | Dollimore, Johnathon, and Keith Hall, ed. Political Shakespeare: Essays in Cultural Materialism. 2nd ed. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1994. |
| Book: 3 Authors | (Savage-Rumbaugh, Shanker,and Taylor) | Savage-Rumbaugh, Sue, Stuart G. Shanker and Talbot J. Taylor. Apes, Language and the Human Mind. New York: Oxford UP, 1998. |
| Book: 3 or More Authors | (MacIntosh, Samuels,Benskin, Laing, andWilliamson.)OR (MacIntosh, et al.) | MacIntosh, Angus, M.L. Samuels, Michael Benskin, Margaret Laing, and Keith Williamson. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. 4 vols. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1987.ORMacIntosh, Angus, et al. A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English. 4 vols. Aberdeen: Aberdeen UP, 1987. |
| Book: Organisation as Author | (Australian Copyright Council) | Australian Copyright Council. Copyright for Book Publishers: A Practical Guide. Redfern, NSW: ACC, 1997. |
| Book: Government Agency as Author | (Australia. Council for theArts.) | Australia. Council for the Arts. Writing: Protocols for Producing Indigenous Australian Writing. 2nd ed. Surrey Hills, NSW: ACA, 2007. |
| Book: Editor | (West) | West, T. G., ed. and trans. Symbolism: An Anthology. London: Methuen, 1980. |
| Book: Later Edition | (Newcomb) | Newcomb, Horace, ed. Television: The Critical View. 6th ed. New York: Oxford UP, 2000. |
| Book: Including Page Numbers | (Pilger 225-226) | Pilger, John. Distant Voices. London: Vintage, 1992. |
| Conference Papers | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Conference Paper in Print | (Mann) | Mann, Jill. "Chaucer and the 'Woman Question.'" This Noble Craft: Proceedings of the Tenth Research Symposium of the Dutch and Belgian University Teachers of Old and Middle English and Historical Linguistics, Utrecht, 19-20 January 1989. Ed. Erik Kooper. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1991. 173-88. |
| Conference Paper from the Internet | (Zheng) | Zheng, Hongyan, Xiao Yongmei, and Li Zhe. "Evaluation of Factors Affecting the Efficacy of English Acqusition in CALL Environment." International Conference on Computer Technology and Development, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 13-15 November 2009. Vol. 2. IEEE Computer Society, 2009. 494-496. Internet. 3 Jul. 2010. |
| Conference Proceedings | (Balakian) | Balakian, Anna, and James J. Wilhelm, ed. Proceedings of the Xth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association: New York, NY, 1982. New York: Garland, 1985. |
| E-Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| E-book | (Bass, Clements, andKazman) | Bass, Len, Paul Clements, and Rick Kazman. Software Architecture in Practice. 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. Safari. 22 Oct. 2004. |
4. ACS Style
Bentuk yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan pemberian referensi kutipan di dalam text makalah bisa dilihat di gambar 7.
Gambar 7. Bentuk referensi kutipan ACS Style pada kalimat makalah [1]
Bentuk referensi yang terdapat dalam daftar referensi ACS Style dapat dilihat pada gambar 8 di bawah.
Gambar 8. Bentuk referensi ACS Style dalam daftar referensi di akhir makalah [1]
Contoh Penggunaan ACS Style dalam pemberian referensi dalam makalah penelitian berdasarkan Murdoch University [1]:
Tabel 4 Tabel contoh penggunaan standar referensi MLA Style pada berbagai tipe material data.
| Audio Video (A-V) Materials | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| DVD | 1 | 1. Davis, J. producer, scriptwriter. Chemistry of Carbon [DVD]. Classroom Video: Warriewood, NSW, 2005. |
| Radio Programme | 2 | 2. White, S. director. Peak Phosphorus Concerns Prompt Research [Radio Broadcast]. Innovations, Sept 20, 2010. ABC Radio: Sydney, NSW. |
| Sound Recording | 3 | 3. Bryant, S. writer. The Story of the Internet [Sound Recording]. Pearson Education: Harlow, U.K., 2008. |
| Television Programme | 4 | 4. Lazaredes, N. reporter. Frankenstein`s Farm [Television Broadcast]. Dateline, July 25, 2001. Special Broadcasting Service (SBS). |
| Video Recording | 5 | 5. Lines, J. director; Dechian, S. writer; De Robbio, M. producer. Chemical Equations in the Real World [Videorecording]. Video Education Australasia: Bendigo, VIC, 2009. |
| Book Chapters | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Chapter or Article in Edited Book | 6 | 6. Almlof, J.; Gropen, O. Relativistic Effects in Chemistry. In Reviews in Computational Chemistry; Lipkowitz, K. B., Boyd, D. B., Eds.; VCH: New York, 1996; Vol. 8, pp 206-210. |
| Article in an Encyclopedia | 7 | 7. Dorfman, J. R. Kinetic Teory: Transport and Fluctuations. In Encyclopedia of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry; edited by John H. Moore, J. H., Spencer, N. D., Eds.; Institute of Physics: Bristol, U.K., 2001; Vol. 1, pp 573-595. |
| Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Book: Single Author | 8 | 8. Schmidt, L. D. The Engineering of Chemical Reactions, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press: New York, 2005; pp 71-88. |
| Book: Two or More Authors | 9 | 9. Sutton, R.S.; Rockett, B.; Swindells, P. G. Chemistry for the Life Sciences, 2nd ed.; CRC: Baton Roca, FL, 2009. |
| Book: Organisation as Author | 10 | 10. American Chemical Society, Committee on Analytical Reageants. Reagent Chemicals: Specifications and Procedures, 10th ed.; Washington, DC, 2006. |
| Book: Government Agency as Author | 11 | 11. Australia. Commonwealth Department of the Environment and Heritage. Personal Monitoring of Selected Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): The Contribution of Woodsmoke to Exposure; Technical report no. 8; Canberra, ACT, 2004; pp 6-12. |
| Book: No Author | 12 | 12. McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Chemistry, 2nd ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York, 2003; p 26. |
| Book: Editor | 13 | 13. Stocker, J. H., Ed. Chemistry and Science Fiction; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1998. |
| Book: Diferent Editions | 14 | 14. Timberlake, K. C. Chemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic and Biological Chemistry, 10th ed.; Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2009. |
| Scientific or Technical Report | 15 | 15. Griffin, E. A.; Verboom, W. H.; Allen, D. G. Paired Site Sampling for Soil Carbon Estimation: Western Australia, National Carbon Accounting System technical report No. 38; Australian Greenhouse Office: Canberra, ACT, 2003; pp 125-136. |
| Conference Papers | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Conference Paper in Print | 16 | 16. Ierapetritou, M. G.; Androulakis, I. P.; Monas, D. S.; Floudas, C. A. Structure Prediction of Binding Sites of MHC Class II Molecules Based on the Crystal HLA-DRB1 and Global Optimization. In Optimization in Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biology: Local and Global Approaches: Proceedings, 1999, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, May 7-9, 1999; Floudas, C. A., Pardalos, P. M., Eds.; Kluwer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2000; pp 157-190. |
| Conference Paper from the Internet | 17 | 17. Chang, H.; Wilson, C.; Jackson, J. Eliminating polymer flake defects using an oxygen free chemistry. In 1997 IEEE International Symposium on Semiconductor Manufacturing, San Francisco, CA, Oct 6-8, 1997; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, 1997; pp 91-93. IEEE Xplore. http://www.ieee.org (accessed Sept 24, 2010). |
| Unpublished Conference Paper | 18 | 18. Zientek, K. D.; Eyler, J. R. Presented at the 51st ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Montreal, Canada, June 8-12, 2003. |
| Conference Proceedings | 19 | 19. El Nadi, L., Ed. Modern Trends in Physics Research: First International Conference on Modern Trends in Physics Research, MTPR-04, Cairo, Egypt, 4-9 April 2004; AIP conference proceedings 0748; American Institute of Physics: Melville, NY, 2005. |
| E-Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| E-book | 20 | 20. Mikkelsen, S. R.; Cortón, E. Bioanalytical Chemistry [Online]; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, 2004. http://0- www3.interscience.wiley.com.prospero.murdoch.edu.au/cgi-bin/bookhome/107628804 (accessed Apr 24, 2008). |
| Chapter from an E-book | 21 | 21. Oleksyn, B. J.; Stadnicka, K.; Sliwinski, J. Structural Chemistry of Enamimes: A Statistical Approach. In The Chemistry of Enamimes [Online]; Rappoport, Z., Ed.; Wiley: New York, 1994; pp 87-218. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/summary/109560980/SUMMARY (accessed Apr 24, 2005). |
| Article from an Electronic Encyclopaedia | 22 | 22. Cloverly, S. Segmented Flow Analysis. Encyclopedia of Analytical Science [Online]; Elsevier Academic Press, Posted May 25,2005. http://0-www.sciencedirect.com.prospero.murdoch.edu.au:80/science/referenceworks/9780123693976 (accessed Apr 24,2008). |
| E-Journals | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article from a Full Text Database | 23 | 23. Bogdanchikova, N.; Simakov, A.; Smolentseva, E.; Pestryakov, A.; Farias, M. H.; Diaz, J. A.; Tompos, A.; Avalos, M. Stabilization of Catalytically Active Gold Species in Fe-modified Zeolites. Appl. Surf. Sci. [Online] 2008, 254 (13), 4075-4083. ScienceDirect. http://www.sciencedirect.com/ (accessed Apr 24, 2008). |
| Journal Article from the Internet | 24 | 24. Zahardis, J., Petrucci, G. A. The Oleic Acid-ozone Heterogeneous Reaction System: Products, Kinetics, Secondary Chemistry, and Atmospheric Implications of a Model System – A Review. Atmos. Chem. Phys. [Online] 2007, 7 (5), 1237-1274. http://www.atmoschem-phys.net/7/issue5.html (accessed Apr 24, 2008). |
| Internet Documents | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Electronic Document | 25 | 25. Byrne, C. Molecular Scissors Slice DNA to Isolate Genes, 2006. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). http://csiro.au/files/files/p7i7.pdf (accessed Apr 24, 2008). |
| Government Publication | 26 | 26. Western Australia. Chemistry Centre. Water for Domestic, Agricultural and General Use, 2008. http://www.chemcentre.wa.gov.au/downloads/Water-Report-2008.pdf (accessed Oct 1, 2010). |
| Internet Site | 27 | 27. Dunham, W. Methane Spotted on Distant Planet, 2008. News in Science, ABC online. http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2008/03/20/2195187.htm?site=science (accessed Apr 24, 2008). |
| Journal Articles | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article in Print | 28 | 28. Klinger, J. Influence of Pretreatment on Sodium Powder. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 2755-2768. |
| Journal Article in Print: Multiple Authors | 29 | 29. Caruso, R. A.; Susha, A.; Caruso, F. Multilayered Titania, Silica, and Laponite Nanoparticle Coatings on Polystyrene Collodial Templates and Resulting Inorganic Hollow Spheres. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 400-409. |
| Newspaper Articles | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Newspaper Article in Print | 30 | 30. Garnaut, K. J. Why Potash Strikes Fear in China's Heart. The Sydney Morning Herald, Sept 21, 2010, p 6. |
| Newspaper Article from the Internet | 31 | 31. Rose, D. Household Chemical Perfluorooctanoic Acid Linked to Thyroid Disease. The Times [Online]. Jan 21, 2010. http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/health/article1884054.ece (accessed Sept 23, 2010). |
5. IEEE Style
Bentuk yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan pemberian referensi kutipan di dalam text makalah bisa dilihat di gambar 9.
Gambar 9. Bentuk referensi kutipan IEEE Style pada kalimat makalah [1]
Bentuk referensi yang terdapat dalam daftar referensi IEEE Style dapat dilihat pada gambar 10 di bawah.
Gambar 10. Bentuk referensi IEEE Style dalam daftar referensi di akhir makalah [1]
Contoh Penggunaan IEEE Style dalam pemberian referensi dalam makalah penelitian berdasarkan Murdoch University [1]:
Tabel 5 Tabel contoh penggunaan standar referensi MLA Style pada berbagai tipe material data.
| Audio Video (A-V) Materials | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| DVD | [1] | [1] I. Holm, Narrator, and J. Fullerton-Smith, Producer, How to Build a Human [DVD]. London: BBC; 2002. |
| Radio Programme | [2] | [2] R. Aedy, Interviewer, D. Hector, Interviewee, and S. Clark, Producer, "The future of engineering," The Buzz, 25 Sept., 2004 [Radio broadcast]. Sydney: ABC Radio. |
| Sound Recording | [3] | [3] D. Fisher, Writer, and T. Baker, Presenter, Doctor Who and the Creature From the Pit [Sound recording]. Bath, UK: BBC Audiobooks, 2009. |
| Television Programme | [4] | [4] T. Jones and P. Williams, Reporters, BP releases report into Gulf of Mexico oil spill. Lateline, 8 Sept., 2010 [Television broadcast]. Sydney: ABC1 Television. |
| Video Recording | [5] | [5] C. Rogers, Writer and Director, Grrls in IT [Videorecording]. Bendigo, Vic. : Video Education Australasia, 1999. |
| Book Chapters | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Chapter or Article in Edited Book | [6] | [6] A. Rezi and M. Allam, "Techniques in array processing by means of transformations, " in Control and Dynamic Systems, Vol. 69, Multidemsional Systems, C. T. Leondes, Ed. San Diego: Academic Press, 1995, pp. 133-180. |
| Article in an Encyclopedia | [7] | [7] O. B. R. Strimpel, "Computer graphics," in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 8th ed., Vol. 4. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997, pp. 279-283. |
| Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Book: Single Author | [8] | [8] W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123-135 |
| Book: Two or More Authors | [9] | [9] U. J. Gelinas, Jr., S. G. Sutton, and J. Fedorowicz, Business Processes and Information Technology. Cincinnati: South-Western/Thomson Learning, 2004. |
| Book: Organisation as Author | [10] | [10] World Bank, Information and Communication Technologies: A World Bank group strategy. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002. |
| Book: Government Agency as Author | [11] | [11] Australia. Attorney-Generals Department., Digital Agenda Review, 4 Vols. Canberra: Attorney- General's Department, 2003. |
| Book: No Author | [12] | [12] The Oxford Dictionary of Computing, 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. |
| Book: Editor | [13] | [13] D. Sarunyagate, Ed., Lasers. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996. |
| Book: Diferent Editions | [14] | [14] K. Schwalbe, Information Technology Project Management, 3rd ed. Boston: Course Technology, 2004. |
| Scientific or Technical Report | [15] | [15] K. E. Elliott and C.M. Greene, "A local adaptive protocol," Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, France, Tech. Rep. 916-1010-BB, 1997. |
| Conference Papers | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Conference Paper in Print | [16] | [16] L. Liu and H. Miao, "A specification based approach to testing polymorphic attributes," in Formal Methods and Software Engineering: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods, ICFEM 2004, Seattle, WA, USA, November 8-12, 2004, J. Davies, W. Schulte, M. Barnett, Eds. Berlin: Springer, 2004. pp. 306-19. |
| Conference Paper from the Internet | [17] | [17] J. Lach, "SBFS: Steganography based file system," in Proceedings of the 2008 1st International Conference on Information Technology, IT 2008, 19-21 May 2008, Gdansk, Poland. Available: IEEE Xplore, http://www.ieee.org. [Accessed: 10 Sept. 2010]. |
| Unpublished Conference Paper | [18] | [18] H. A. Nimr, "Defuzzification of the outputs of fuzzy controllers," presented at 5th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 1996, Cairo, Egypt. 1996. |
| Conference Proceedings | [19] | [19] T. J. van Weert and R. K. Munro, Eds., Informatics and the Digital Society: Social, ethical and cognitive issues: IFIP TC3/WG3.1&3.2 Open Conference on Social, Ethical and Cognitive Issues of Informatics and ICT, July 22-26, 2002, Dortmund, Germany. Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2003. |
| E-Books | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| E-book | [20] | [20] L. Bass, P. Clements, and R. Kazman, Software Architecture in Practice, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley, 2003. [E-book] Available: Safari e-book. |
| Chapter from an E-book | [21] | [21] D. Kawecki, "Fuel preparation," in Combustion Engineering Issues for Solid Fuel Systems, B.G. Miller and D.A. Tillman, Eds. Boston, MA: Academic Press, 2008, 199-240. [E-book] Available: Referex. |
| Article from an Electronic Encyclopaedia | [22] | [22] G. S. Thompson and M. P. Harmer, "Nanoscale ceramic composites," in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, K. H. J. Buschow, R. W. Cahn, M. C. Flemings, B. Ilschner, E.J. Kramer, S. Mahajan, and P. Veyssière, Eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2001, pp. 5927-5930. [E-book]. Available: ScienceDirect. |
| E-Journals | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article from a Full Text Database | [23] | [23] H. Ayasso and A. Mohammad-Djafari, "Joint NDT Image Restoration and Segmentation Using Gauss–Markov–Potts Prior Models and Variational Bayesian Computation," IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 2265-77, 2010. [Online]. Available: IEEE Xplore, http://www.ieee.org. [Accessed Sept. 10, 2010]. |
| Journal Article from the Internet | [24] | [24] P. H. C. Eilers and J. J. Goeman, "Enhancing scatterplots with smoothed densities," Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 623-628, March 2004. [Online]. Available: www.oxfordjournals.org. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004]. |
| Internet Documents | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Electronic Document | [25] | [25] European Telecommunications Standards Institute, “Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB): Implementation guidelines for DVB terrestrial services; transmission aspects,” European Telecommunications Standards Institute, ETSI TR-101-190, 1997. [Online]. Available: http://www.etsi.org. [Accessed: Aug. 17, 1998]. |
| Government Publication | [26] | [26] Australia. Department of of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, Survey on Changes in Awareness and Understanding of Science, Engineering and Technology: Report on findings. Canberra: The Department; 2008. [Online]. Available: http://www.dest.gov.au/NR/rdonlyres/241263CF-8585-4EEC-B104-C947C6C18029/23713/SurveyonChangesinawarenessunderstandingofSET.pdf. [Accessed: Sept. 7, 2010]. |
| Whole Internet Site | [27] | [27] J. Geralds, "Sega Ends Production of Dreamcast," vnunet.com, para. 2, Jan. 31, 2001. [Online]. Available: http://nl1.vnunet.com/news/1116995. [Accessed: Sept. 12, 2004]. |
| Journal Articles | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Journal Article in Print: Abbreviated Titles | [28] | [28] G. Liu, K. Y. Lee, and H. F. Jordan, "TDM and TWDM de Bruijn networks and shufflenets for optical communications," IEEE Trans. Comp., vol. 46, pp. 695-701, June 1997. |
| Journal Article in Print: Full Titles | [29] | [29] J. R. Beveridge and E. M. Riseman, "How easy is matching 2D line models using local search?" IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, pp. 564-579, June 1997. |
| Newspaper Articles | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Newspaper Article in Print | [30] | [30] N. Perpitch, "Green groups battle to overturn gas plan," The Australian, p. 2, Sept. 7, 2010. |
| Newspaper Article from the Internet | [31] | [31] C. Wilson-Clark, "Computers ranked as key literacy," The West Australian, para. 3, March 29, 2004. [Online]. Available:http://www.thewest.com.au. [Accessed Sept. 18, 2004]. |
| Newspaper Article from a Full Text Database | [32] | [32] J. Riley, "Call for new look at skilled migrants," The Australian, p. 35, May 31, 2005. [Online]. Available: Factiva,http://global.factiva.com. [Accessed May 31, 2005]. |
| Podcast | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Podcast | [33] | [33] Murdoch University Library, Podcasts @ Your Library: Entire library tour. Murdoch (WA): Murdoch University; 2007. [Podcast]. Available: http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/about/podcasts/. [Accessed Aug. 5, 2010]. |
| Podcast Radio Programme | [34] | [34] S. Gary, Presenter, “Black Hole Death Ray,” StarStuff, Dec. 23, 2007. Sydney: ABC News Radio. [Podcast radio programme]. Available: http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml. [Accessed Feb. 4, 2008]. |
| Podcast Television Programme | [35] | [35] W. Brown and K. Brodie, Presenters, and P. George, Producer, “From Lake Baikal to the Halfway Mark, Yekaterinburg,” Peking to Paris: Episode 3, Jun. 4, 2007. Sydney: ABC Television. [Podcast television programme]. Available: http://www.abc.net.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast/pekingtoparis.xml.[Accessed Feb. 4, 2008]. |
| Readers/Study Guides | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Reader | [36] | [36] C. J. Campbell and J. H. Laherrere, "The End of Cheap Oil", Scientific American, vol. 278, no. 3, pp. 78-83, March 1998.Reprinted in Introduction to Energy Studies (PEC190): Selected readings. Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University, 2006, pp. 129-134. |
| Theses | ||
| Material Type | In-Text Citation | Reference List Entry |
| Unpublished Thesis | [37] | [37] M. W. Dixon, "Application of neural networks to solve the routing problem in communication networks," Ph.D. dissertation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia, 1999. |
| Published Thesis | [38] | [38] M. Lehmann, Data Access in Workflow Management Systems. Berlin: Aka, 2006. |
| Thesis from a Full Text Database | [39] | [39] F. Sudweeks, Development and Leadership in Computer-Mediated Collaborative Groups. PhD [Dissertation]. Murdoch, WA: Murdoch University, 2007. [Online]. Available: Australasian Digital Theses Program. |
E. Referensi
[1] Murdoch University, “Referencing,”, [Online]. Available: http://library.murdoch.edu.au/Getting-help/Referencing/.[Acessed: Oct. 10, 2011].[2] Experiment-Resources.com, “Writing Bibliography,”, [Online]. Available: http://www.experiment-resources.com/writing-a-bibliography.html [Accesed : Oct. 10, 2011].
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